ARQUIVO IPRI-UNL:
- UE: Comissão Europeia [Setembro 2009]
- Eleições Europeias [Junho 2009]
- G20 [Março 2009]
- NATO [Fevereiro 2009]
Blog EUROPAS
DOCUMENTOS:
Truman & The Marshall Plan
Truman Library
The Sinews of Peace
Winston Churchill, ENA
The division of Europe
ENA
Dividing up Europe
ENA
The division of Germany
James F. Byrnes, ENA
James Francis Byrnes and U.S. Policy towards Germany 1945-1947
James F. Byrnes, Deutsch-Amerikanische Zentrum
UK Policy towards Germany
UK National Archives
Royal Engineers and the Cold War
Royal Engineers Museum
The beginning of the Cold War
ENA
Cold War overview
Histclo
LINKS:
20 years after the fall of the Wall
DW
Tear down this wall! And save the planet (9 de Novembro)
Mikhail Gorbachev, Times
'We Have No Time to Lose' (3 de Novembro)
Angela Merkel, Der Spiegel
"Estuvo bien que Gorbachov fuera un político débil" (10 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Lech Walesa, El Pais
World leaders recall the fall of the Berlin Wall (9 de Novembro)
CS Monitor
'I Gave my People the Order -- Raise the Barrier' (9 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Harald Jäger, Der Spiegel
"As pessoas ganharam a revolução. Nós apanhámos a boleia" (10 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Michael Meyer, Jornal i
Mikhail Gorbachev On 1989 [video] (9 de Novembro)
RFE
'It's Good that Gorbachev Was a Weak Politician' (6 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Lech Walesa, Der Spiegel
Interview with former German foreign minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher [video] (9 de Novembro)
DW
'The Fall of the Wall United Us Again' (9 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Dmitry Medvedev, Der Spiegel
Veinte años después del Muro (9 de Novembro)
Joschka Fischer, El Pais
The eternal wall (9 de Novembro)
Dominique Moisi, Daily Times
ANÁLISES:
Hungary And The Reunification Of Germany (8 de Dezembro)
Geza Jeszenszky, RFE
'We Couldn't Believe that the Warsaw Pact Could Be Dissolved' (26 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Eduard Shevardnadze, Der Spiegel
Did the West Break Its Promise to Moscow? (26 de Novembro)
Uwe Klussmann, Matthias Schepp and Klaus Wiegrefe, Der Spiegel
The Cold War's third phase: learning the conflict's myriad lessons (24 de Novembro)
Richard N. Haass, Daily Star
'Happiest' revolution of 1989 was in Prague (23 de Novembro)
Michael Meyer, Japan Times
How World War II Wasn’t Won (22 de Novembro)
David P. Colley, New York Times
Czech Students Look Back at What Their Forebears Started (22 de Novembro)
Sarah Karacs, Der Spiegel
The difference is in the will to destroy a wall (20 de Novembro)
Dominique Moisi, Japan Times
Gorbachev Is the Last 20th-Century Wilsonian (19 de Novembro)
Fyodor Lukyanov, The Moscow Times
Asia benefited most from fall of Berlin Wall (17 de Novembro)
Brahma Chellaney, Japan Times
Travels behind the Iron Curtain: before the fall of the Berlin Wall (16 de Novembro)
Klaus Jurgens, Today’s Zaman
Everyone Missed Signs of Change in East Europe (14 de Novembro)
Tom Fenton, Global Post
Why communism doesn't make people happy (11 de Novembro)
Ryan Streeterm, Daily Telegraph
The real lesson of 1989 is that nothing is ever settled (11 de Novembro)
Seumas Milne, The Guardian
Europe's next chapter starts now. It rests on looking beyond our borders (11 de Novembro)
Timothy Garton Ash, The Guardian
One day the wall will fall in the Arab world (11 de Novembro)
Rami G. Khouri, Daily Star
Bring down the wall (11 de Novembro)
Eldad Beck, Ynet News
La chute du mur de Berlin, symbole de la fin du monde bipolaire (10 de Novembro)
Pascal Boniface, Le Monde
Sarko the Freedom Fighter? (10 de Novembro)
Jonathan Eyal, Wall Street Journal
Fall of Berlin Wall Hardly Inevitable (10 de Novembro)
Joshua Stanton, The New Ledger
In Germany, the East-West divide is still alive and kicking (10 de Novembro)
Netta Kahane, Jerusalem Post
The fall of the Berlin Wall: a signal event but not a turning point for Europe (10 de Novembro)
Natalia Toganova, RIA Novosti
The Wall: hype and reality (10 de Novembro)
Vaiju Naravane, The Hindu
Victory in Cold War Was Start and End (10 de Novembro)
Martin Wolf, Financial Times
Twenty years on, the Roma still languish behind a wall (10 de Novembro)
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, EUObserver
Hitler y el enano de decoración (10 de Novembro)
Ludger Mees, El Pais
La decadencia de Europa (10 de Novembro)
Jean-Marie Colombani, El Pais
Would you live on the wrong side of the Berlin Wall? (10 de Novembro)
David Aaronovitch , Times
The wall after the wall (10 de Novembro)
Peter Andreas, Boston Globe
Why Obama Decided to Skip Berlin (10 de Novembro)
Pejman Yousefzadeh, The New Ledger
Who Controls Russia? (9 de Novembro)
Paul J. Saunders and Dimitri K. Simes, IHT
The Kremlin Can't Have It Both Ways (9 de Novembro)
Kati Marton and Nina Ognianova, IHT
The Wall That Changed Modern History (9 de Novembro)
Yevgeny Kiselyov, The Moscow Times
Solidarity under strain (9 de Novembro)
Adam Michnik, The Guardian
From Berlin to Baghdad (9 de Novembro)
Fouad Ajami, Wall Street Journal
Berlin, un leadership par défaut (9 de Novembro)
Anne-Marie Le Gloannec, Le Monde
L'Europe de l'Est, vingt ans après (9 de Novembro)
Jacques Rupnik, Le Monde
The Cold War's Greatest Generation (9 de Novembro)
Matthew Kaminski, Forbes
Le couple franco-allemand, au-delà des symboles (9 de Novembro)
Joachim Bitterlich et Jean-Dominique Giuliani, Le Monde
RFE And ‘The Curtain Of Silence’ (9 de Novembro)
A. Ross Johnson, RFE
Remembering Bulgaria's 'Palace Revolution' (9 de Novembro)
Tanya Kancheva, RFE
November 9th was Germany's - and the world's - lucky day (9 de Novembro)
Marc Koch, DW
Not enough about him? Barack Obama skips Berlin Wall ceremonies (9 de Novembro)
Toby Harnden, Daily Telegraph
The Berlin Wall of Aid: When Will It Fall? (9 de Novembro)
Glenn Hubbard, Wall Street Journal
Facing a new world architecture (9 de Novembro)
George Soros, Daily Star
Hungary was the first rip in Iron Curtain (9 de Novembro)
Mitchell Koss, LA Times
Cold War nostalgia (9 de Novembro)
Gregory Rodriguez, LA Times
After the wall fell (9 de Novembro)
Anne Applebaum, Washington Post
November 9th (9 de Novembro)
George Packer, New Yorker
A great day for liberty (9 de Novembro)
George Allen, Washington Times
Le bon chemin (9 de Novembro)
Etienne Mougeotte, Le Figaro
The rusting and fall of the Iron Curtain (9 de Novembro)
James Carroll, Boston Globe
After collapse, jubilation, fear, and uncertainty (9 de Novembro)
Marton Radkai, Boston Globe
The Victory of the Cross (9 de Novembro)
Newt Gingrich, Callista Gingrich, and Vince Haley, Weekly Standard
Deciphering Die Linke (9 de Novembro)
Gerald Robbins, Weekly Standard
Berlin Wall anniversary: A magical night that changed the world (9 de Novembro)
Adrian Bridge, Daily Telegraph
20 Years of Collapse (9 de Novembro)
Slavoj Zizek, New York Times
The wall was the real 9/11 (8 de Novembro)
Victor Sebestyen, The Guardian
Twenty years after the fall (8 de Novembro)
James Goldgeier, Washington Times
Close the verification gap (8 de Novembro)
Richard G. Lugar, Washington Times
Twenty Years of Stimulus for East Germany (8 de Novembro)
Wolfgang Hummel, Wall Street Journal
Four Little Words (8 de Novembro)
Anthony R. Dolan, Wall Street Journal
Borders everywhere you turn (8 de Novembro)
David Newman, Jerusalem Post
German Reunification: From Rejection to Inevitability (8 de Novembro)
John Vinocur, International Herald Tribune
A Fateful Day, and the East Tasted Freedom (8 de Novembro)
Serge Schmemann, International Herald Tribune
East Germans lost much in 1989 (8 de Novembro)
Bruni de la Motte, The Guardian
The East German Adventurers Who 'Escaped' The Other Way (7 de Novembro)
Caroline Winter, Der Spiegel
1989's Peaceful Revolution (7 de Novembro)
Adam Roberts, The Independent
Gorbachev Didn't End Cold War (7 de Novembro)
George Jonas, National Post
Derrière le Mur, les peuples ne rêvaient pas de capitalisme (7 de Novembro)
Slavoj Zizek, Le Monde
From Solidarity to Democracy (7 de Novembro)
Adam Michnik, Wall Street Journal
The Wall Fell But Not Enough Changed (6 de Novembro)
Frederick Studemann, FT
Very Little to Celebrate (6 de Novembro)
Vladimir Ryzhkov, The Moscow Times
Not Everyone's Dancing Where Wall Was (6 de Novembro)
Daniel McGroarty, Investors Business Daily
Why We Celebrate the Fall of Wall (6 de Novembro)
Jeffrey Simpson, Globe and Mail
The other 1989s (6 de Novembro)
Fred Halliday, Open Democracy
20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall: Lessons and warnings (6 de Novembro)
Dmitry Babich, RIA Novosti
Guiding Germany's Unification (6 de Novembro)
Robert B. Zoellick, International Herald Tribune
Reagan at the Berlin Wall (6 de Novembro)
James Mann, LA Times
Historic Border Crossing Finally Gets a Facelift (6 de Novembro)
Siobhán Dowling, Der Spiegel
Europa es bella (6 de Novembro)
Ramin Jahanbegloo, El Pais
Renewing 1989's rejection of totality (6 de Novembro)
Antony Lerman, The Guardian
Setting History’s Course (Novembro)
Ken Jowitt, Policy Review
Blood And Velvet In Eastern Europe's Season Of Change (5 de Novembro)
Michael Hirshman, Ron Synovitz, RFE
Revolutions Of '89: 'At The Moment Of Crisis, Nobody Was At Home' (5 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Michael Meyer, RFE
Who ended the Cold War? (5 de Novembro)
Paul C. Demakis, Boston Globe
East Germany answers back (5 de Novembro)
William Horsley, The Hindu
The fall of the wall (5 de Novembro)
Suzanne Fields, Washington Times
1989 changed the world. But where now for Europe? (4 de Novembro)
Timothy Garton Ash, The Guardian
How Bush Lost His Opportunity in 1989 (4 de Novembro)
David Hoffman, Foreign Policy
What Is to Be Learned? Thinking about 1989 (4 de Novembro)
Mitchell Cohen, Dissent Magazine
The “What If?” of 1989 (4 de Novembro)
Michael Meyer, Project Syndicate
1989: how it ended (4 de Novembro)
Neal Ascherson, Open Democracy
Where Is the Idealism of 1989? (4 de Novembro)
Ian Buruma, RealClearWorld
Fall of Berlin Wall Was Carefully Planned (4 de Novembro)
Tim Mohr, Daily Beast
Yesterday Communism, Today Radical Islam (4 de Novembro)
David Satter, Forbes
Between The Lines: The Politics of Figure Skating (4 de Novembro)
Alexei Pankin, The Moscow Times
Between the walls (4 de Novembro)
Bülent Keneş, Today’s Zaman
'It Was Practically a Miracle' (3 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Rudolf Seiters, Der Spiegel
Why Obama Won't Go to Berlin (3 de Novembro)
Rich Lowry, National Review
More Than Just Fall of Berlin Wall (3 de Novembro)
Mary Dejevsky, The Independent
Missile Defense Could Be the Silver Bullet (3 de Novembro)
Dmitry Trenin, The Moscow Times
The end and the beginning: lessons of 1989 (3 de Novembro)
Vladimir Tismaneanu, Open Democracy
Russia’s Eternal Military-Industrial Kolkhoz (3 de Novembro)
Alexander Golts, The Moscow Times
Russia's search for an identity (3 de Novembro)
Masha Lipman, Washington Post
1989: moment, legacy, future (2 de Novembro)
David Hayes, Open Democracy
"J'ai perdu, mais la perestroïka a gagné" (2 de Novembro)
Entrevista a Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, Le Monde
Twenty years after the wall fell, the world braces for true era of upheaval (2 de Novembro)
Joschka Fischer, Daily Star
Time to Take the Devil Out of NATO (2 de Novembro)
Michael Bohm, The Moscow Times
Stronger Than You Think (2 de Novembro)
Gleb Pavlovsky, The Moscow Times
Forget Guy Fawkes – remember, remember the Ninth of November for the fall of the Berlin Wall (2 de Novembro)
Boris Johnson, Daily Telegraph
Murderous idealism (2 de Novembro)
Paul Hollander, Washington Post
Our normal revolutions: 1989 and change in our time (2 de Novembro)
Anthony Barnett, Open Democracy
Superpowers with super problems (2 de Novembro)
Christopher Marcisz, Boston Globe
Life in Walltown, Germany (1 de Novembro)
Josef Joffe, Washington Post
Post-Wall Germany Is Flexing its Muscles (1 de Novembro)
Patrick Rahir, China Post
How it went down (1 de Novembro)
Mary Elise Sarotte, Washington Post
A united country's divided people (1 de Novembro)
Clay Risen, Washington Post
Who killed communism? Look past the usual suspects (1 de Novembro)
Gerard DeGroot, Washington Post
Les surprises de l'Histoire (31 de Outubro)
Vaclav Havel, Le Monde
The Berlin wall had to fall, but today's world is no fairer (31 de Outubro)
Mikhail Gorbachev, The Guardian
How Poland and Hungary Led the Way in 1989 (30 de Outubro)
Walter Mayr, Christian Neef and Jan Puhl, Der Spiegel
The Year the World Really Changed (30 de Outubro)
Niall Ferguson, Newsweek
The Quiet Power of Europe (30 de Outubro)
Stefan Theil, Newsweek
'Kennedy Surprised by 'Such Strong American Outrage to the Wall' (30 de Outubro)
Entrevista a William R. Smyser, Der Spiegel
Russia's Secret War Continues (30 de Outubro)
Anna Nemtsova, Foreign Policy
Five ways Britain can get the most from Russia (30 de Outubro)
Tony Brenton, Times
Two people are needed to get Europe's voice heard in the world. And it is the other one who is more likely to be British (28 de Outubro)
Timothy Garton Ash, The Guardian
A study in contrasts (28 de Outubro)
Monica Crowley, Washington Times
«Un Mur existe toujours dans les esprits» (28 de Outubro)
Thomas Ahbe, Le Figaro
Free expression under fire (28 de Outubro)
Christopher Lingle, Japan Times
Freedom to Prosper (28 de Outubro)
Ryan Streeter & Arthur Brooks, Wall Street Journal
Message from an EU Citizen (27 de Outubro)
Declan Ganley, Wall Street Journal
Bring Biden into play (27 de Outubro)
Andrei Fedyashin, RIA Novosti
Britain, Europe and a history of lamentable mis-timing (27 de Outubro)
Mary Dejevsky, The Independent
Biden Says Trip Has Laid Eastern Europe's 'Reset' Fears To Rest (26 de Outubro)
Entrevista a Joe Biden, RFE
Britain is still a big player. Europe needs us (26 de Outubro)
David Miliband, Times
Romania's amnesia-induced ambivalence (26 de Outubro)
Gregory Rodriguez, LA Times
A Partnership for the 21st Century (23 de Outubro)
Joe Biden, RCP
The ties that bind Europe and America are strongest in Poland (23 de Outubro)
Joe Biden, The Independent
Ticking the Wrong Boxes (23 de Outubro)
Mircea Geoana, International Herald Tribune
Bosnia and American Exceptionalism (23 de Outubro)
Bob Dole, Wall Street Journal
In America’s best interest (23 de Outubro)
Jason Katz, Today’s Zaman
The Black Widow Chancellor (23 de Outubro)
Christoph Schwennicke, Der Spiegel
Resetting NATO Relations (22 de Outubro)
Jakub Kulhanek, The Moscow Times
Alexander Vershbow visits Georgia: who holds the key to the war? (22 de Outubro)
Ilya Kramnik, RIA Novosti
Russia’s Georgia Problem One Year On (22 de Outubro)
Fyodor Lukyanov, The Moscow Times
Medvedev goes to Serbia amid promises and problems (22 de Outubro)
Andrei Fedyashin, RIA Novosti
Is Kazakhstan Fit To Chair The OSCE? (21 de Outubro)
J.G. Cefalo, RFE
Britain fluffed the German question. Now Britain is Europe's great puzzle (21 de Outubro)
Timothy Garton Ash, The Guardian
Havel Expects Biden To Reassure Central Europe On Ties (21 de Outubro)
RFE
Joe 'The Cleaner' Biden Heads to Europe (21 de Outubro)
Dan McGroarty, RealClearWorld
Poland's Kaminski is not an antisemite: he's a friend to Jews (9 de Outubro)
Stephen Pollard, The Guardian
«L'Europe doit être généreuse et rigoureuse» (21 de Outubro)
Entrevista a Jacques Barrot, Le Figaro
Will the EU do whatever France and Germany ask? (21 de Outubro)
Beril Dedeoğlu, Today’s Zaman
La sonrisa cansada de Václav Havel (21 de Outubro)
Monika Zgustova, El Pais
Biden's task in eastern Europe: Reassurance (20 de Outubro)
F. Stephen Larrabee and Christopher Chivvis, CS Monitor
One must know the past in order to transcend it (20 de Outubro)
Dominique Moisi, Daily Star
Beethoven in the Shadows of Berlin: Karajan's European Anthem (29 de Setembro)
Esteban Buch, Dissent Magazine
Eastern Europe Since 1989: Defending Power (29 de Setembro)
Nick Thorpe, The World Today
Between Utopian Hopes and the Burdens of History (29 de Setembro)
Shlomo Avineri, Dissent Magazine
Optimism of the Intellect (29 de Setembro)
Paul Berman, Dissent Magazine
Cut Loose (29 de Setembro)
Norman Geras, Dissent Magazine
Russia, From Great State to Failed State (29 de Setembro)
Keith Gessen, Dissent Magazine
Whatever Happened to the Civil Society? (29 de Setembro)
Charles S. Maier, Dissent Magazine
Is Social Democracy Dead? (29 de Setembro)
Anna Seleny, Dissent Magazine
Lessons from the Upheaval (29 de Setembro)
Vladimir Tismaneanu, Dissent Magazine
Patterns of Chinese Protest—1919,1989,2009 (29 de Setembro)
Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Dissent Magazine
Visions of the Pro-democracy Movement (29 de Setembro)
Guobin Yang, Dissent Magazine
EDITORIAIS:
Mr Obama's Pacific prospects (12 de Novembro)
The Independent
Fixing foreign aid (12 de Novembro)
LA Times
After the wall, Bush was right (11 de Novembro)
Boston Globe
Fall of the Berlin Wall: The lost decades (10 de Novembro)
The Guardian
Lebanon: a land of unseen walls (10 de Novembro)
Daily Star
Berlin: Obama, le grand absent (9 de Novembro)
Pierre Rousselin, Le Figaro
Why the Berlin Wall Fell (9 de Novembro)
Wall Street Journal
Over the Wall (9 de Novembro)
Times
The Berlin Wall fell and a new Europe rose (9 de Novembro)
Daily Telegraph
A revolution that reshaped our world (9 de Novembro)
The independent
Entre Paris et Berlin, le mur est tombe (9 de Novembro)
Yves Thréard, Le Figaro
Mr. Obama, stay away from this wall (9 de Novembro)
Washington Times
The Berlin wall and violent Islamic jihad (7 de Novembro)
CS Monitor
The wall in their heads (6 de Novembro)
Times
No Break in the Ice (2 de Novembro)
Times
Two Decades After the Fall: A Symposium on 1989 (30 de Setembro)
Dissent Magazine
ARTIGOS:
Czechs re-enact 1989 student march that led to Velvet Revolution (18 de Novembro)
DW
World leaders gather in Berlin to celebrate the Wall’s fall (11 de Novembro)
Vaiju Naravane, The Hindu
Merkel warns of a stony path ahead in policy speech (10 de Novembro)
DW
Memory loss: Sarkozy's Berlin Wall blunder (10 de Novembro)
DW
'Economic Crisis is Germany's Biggest Challenge Since Reunification' (10 de Novembro)
Der Spiegel
Angela Merkel marks day the Wall fell and she took tea in West (10 de Novembro)
Roger Boyes, Times
Moscow Sends Mixed Signals on Berlin Wall (10 de Novembro)
Nikolaus von Twickel, The Moscow Times
Auctioning off the Wall: Where did the money go? (9 de Novembro)
DW
'Let the People Out' -- The Night the Wall Fell as Witnessed by SPIEGEL (9 de Novembro)
Der Spiegel
Sarkozy 'had a go with a pick-axe' on Berlin Wall (9 de Novembro)
DW
Bittersweet feelings as Europeans celebrate end of Berlin Wall (9 de Novembro)
Andrew Rettman, EUObserver
World Leaders Line Up To Mark Fall Of Berlin Wall (9 de Novembro)
RFE
Germany celebrates memory of Berlin Wall falling (9 de Novembro)
China Daily
The Day the Berlin Wall Came Down and Changed History (9 de Novembro)
The Moscow Times
Celebrations begin as the German capital marks the fall of the Berlin Wall (8 de Novembro)
DW
November 9, 1989 - the day that changed European history (8 de Novembro)
DW
German minister's remarks highlight east-west divide (8 de Novembro)
DW
The Legacy of 1989 Is Still Up for Debate (8 de Novembro)
Steven Erlanger, New York Times
Merkel: "El Muro es historia, la reunificación es ya una realidad" (6 de Novembro)
Juan Gómez, El Pais
Berlin, les passeurs de mur (6 de Novembro)
Le Monde
Le jour où Angela Merkel a franchi le Mur (6 de Novembro)
Patrick Saint Paul, Le Figaro
To Merkel, a Night in ’89 Was Just the First Step on a Long Path for 2 Germanys (5 de Novembro)
Nicholas Kulish, New York Times
East German artist encourages painting against the grain (4 de Novembro)
DW
Sarkozy warns Visegrad countries not to make a habit of pre-summit meetings (4 de Novembro)
Honor Mahony, EUObserver
Merkel urges US, Europe to 'tear down today's walls' (4 de Novembro)
DW
Poll: Generation Gap In Russia, East Europe (3 de Novembro)
The Moscow Times
Communisme : les plaies derrière le mur (2 de Novembro)
Le Monde
Bush, Gorbachev, Kohl Mark Berlin Wall’s Fall (2 de Novembro)
The Moscow Times
Medvedev Raps Soviet-Era Repression (2 de Novembro)
The Moscow Times
Kohl, Bush et Gorbatchev se retrouvent à Berlin (31 de Outubro)
Le Figaro
Russia, U.S. to continue nuclear arms talks on November 9 (31 de Outubro)
RIA Novosti
UN Panel Criticizes Russia on Human Rights (31 de Outubro)
The Moscow Times
Learning about communist East Germany sheds light on the present (30 de Outubro)
DW
Post-war events intrude upon EU summit (29 de Outubro)
Honor Mahony, EUObserver
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